[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/kniha-a-jeji-historie\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/kniha-a-jeji-historie\/","headline":"Kniha a jej\u00ed historie","name":"Kniha a jej\u00ed historie","description":"Kniha na\u0161la sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e9st radost, z\u00e1bavu i vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, a lid\u00e9 si vyp\u011bstovaly ke knih\u00e1m velkou l\u00e1sku . Knihy ov\u0161em nebyly v\u017edy takov\u00e9, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b barevn\u011b ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, slo\u017een\u00e9 listy pap\u00edru do \u00fahledn\u00e9 vazby\u2026 V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch bylo p\u00edsmo zan\u00e1\u0161eno t\u0159eba na hlin\u011bn\u00e9 desti\u010dky nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei. V ...","datePublished":"2017-09-23","dateModified":"2023-05-05","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"colorkaros.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301412_w2185_t1511467351.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301412_w2185_t1511467351.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/kniha-a-jeji-historie\/","about":["M\u00f3da"],"wordCount":450,"articleBody":"Kniha na\u0161la sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e9st radost, z\u00e1bavu i vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, a lid\u00e9 si vyp\u011bstovaly ke knih\u00e1m velkou l\u00e1sku . Knihy ov\u0161em nebyly v\u017edy takov\u00e9, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b barevn\u011b ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, slo\u017een\u00e9 listy pap\u00edru do \u00fahledn\u00e9 vazby\u2026 V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch bylo p\u00edsmo zan\u00e1\u0161eno t\u0159eba na hlin\u011bn\u00e9 desti\u010dky nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta a u r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f vznikaly prvn\u00ed p\u00edsma a prvn\u00ed knihy. Kam tedy a\u017e sah\u00e1 historie knihy?Nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmo na sv\u011bt\u011b je to \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 Snad prvn\u00ed znaky p\u00edsma poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze 7. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Na\u0161ly se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a byly vyryty do \u017eelv\u00edch krun\u00fd\u0159\u016f. Tyto znaky lze spojovat s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi nejstar\u0161\u00edmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi znaky. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo tak je nejstar\u0161\u00edm p\u00edsmem na sv\u011bt\u011b.K\u00e1men a hlin\u011bn\u00e9 tabulky Pozd\u011bji se za\u010dal k zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat k\u00e1men. Od 3. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed pak slou\u017eily hlin\u011bn\u00e9 tabulky, do kter\u00fdch se rylo ostr\u00fdm r\u00e1kosem, co\u017e dokazuj\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky. Ty zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed texty, eposy, motlitby, z\u00e1kony i l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 \u010di matematick\u00e1 d\u00edla. Papyrus Zhruba ve 4. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed se nejv\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edval papyrus, kter\u00fd byl skladn\u00fd, lehk\u00fd a kvalitn\u00ed. Pro jeho v\u00fdrobu se pou\u017e\u00edvala st\u00e9bla \u0161\u00e1choru pap\u00edrod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd rostl ve Starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v mnoha kvalit\u00e1ch a vyv\u00e1\u017eel se do cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Z papyru se dokonce v\u00e1zaly prvn\u00ed knihy.Pergamen Pergamen, kter\u00fd se zhotovoval ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, ve 2. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem nahradil papyrus. Psaly se na n\u011bj rukopisy, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1valy ve\u0161ker\u00e9 znalosti lidstva. Pergamen se pou\u017e\u00edval a\u017e do konce st\u0159edov\u011bku, kdy byl nahrazen pap\u00edrem.Pap\u00edr Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edr byl vynalezen ve 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl se z konop\u00ed, a\u017e o tis\u00edc let pozd\u011bji se za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a lnu. Pap\u00edr v podob\u011b, jak ho zn\u00e1me dnes, se za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt okolo roku 100 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edrny pak vznikaj\u00ed v 11. stolet\u00ed. Pap\u00edr byl sice m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed ne\u017e pergamen, zato byl mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Knihy z n\u011bho vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 tak mohly b\u00fdt prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny za n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (4 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Kniha a jej\u00ed historie","item":"https:\/\/www.colorkaros.cz\/kniha-a-jeji-historie\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]